How Proponents and Opponents Influence Achievement Motivation: The Role of Anticipated Emotions of Others

Simamora, Bilson (2021) How Proponents and Opponents Influence Achievement Motivation: The Role of Anticipated Emotions of Others. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 23 (1). ISSN 2338-7238

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Abstract

ABSTRACT` There are countless studies about the influence of others' emotions on individuals' behavior. However, the influence of proponents' and opponents' future emotions on achievement motivation remains unclear. This study aims to fulfill this gap. Therefore, departed from emotional intelligence theory, the author materializes anticipated emotions of others concept and tests it in a static group experimental design with success and failure scenarios involved 203 participants chosen judgmentally. When reminded with proponents' joyfulness caused by their success, the Mann Whitney test with normal approximation supported by Monte Carlo estimation shows that mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals of the experimental group are enhanced. Whereas, when reminded that they would be envied and make the opponents feel distressed, performance-approach goals are improved. In the failure scenario, when the participants were directed at proponents' distress in responding to their failure, the four components of achievement goals are increased: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals. However, opponents' joyfulness, anticipated as a malicious schadenfreude to participants' failure, is only successful in stimulating performance-avoidance goals. Bayesian estimation with 5000 times bootstrapping reveals that self-efficacy mediates the influence of anticipated proponents' joyfulness on mastery-approach fully and on performance-approach goals complementarily. Complementary mediation is also apparent in the impact of proponents' distress on mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goals. Above all, love for the proponents is more potent than hatred from social environments in increasing achievement motivation. Further research is encouraged to replicate the study in different social behaviors.

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